Comparative study of the changes in microanatomical organization of lymph nodes located and functioning in the area of venous congestion

By the morphometric method the microanatomical organization of the popliteal and kidney lymph nodes of the type Vi was studied in venous congestion. In the first experimental series (lymph nodes localize in venous congestion area) the venous congestion in the popliteal lymph nodes was created by the ligature of caudal vena cava. In the second experimental series (lymph nodes, which clean the venous congestion area--the kidney vena was tied up. The small and short time increase of the marginal sinus volume and hypertrophy of the medullary cords, which seemed about medullary substance B-zone stimulation were characteristically for the lymph nodes, localize in the venous congestion area. The sharp increase of the marginal sinus volume during the long experimental time and paracortical T-zone hyperplasia were characteristically for the lymph nodes, which clean the venous congestion area.     

Experimental bases of endoscopic correction of the secretory function of the stomach

The article gives experimental data proving the usage of the method of bloodless reduction of gastric secretion through endoscope in case of peptic ulcer. Pricking around the secretory zones of the stomach with hypertonic glucose solution conducted on 35 mongrel dogs led to a stable reduction of acid producing function of the stomach. Morphological changes of the stomach mucous membrane were mainly expressed in the atrophy of glands. The analysis of the test results gives opportunity to recommend the clinical introduction of the method in complex treatment of peptic ulcer.     

Specifics of participation of dopaminergic and serotoninergic systems of the brain in latent inhibition based on pharmacological models

Single intraperitoneal injections of haloperidol (0.5 mg/kg) or sertralin (5 mg/kg) or 20 preexpositions of conditional stimulus before conditioning induced similar changes of passive avoidance reactions of rats. The combinative application of drugs (sertralin 1h and bupropion 30 min before conditioning) simultaneously enhancing activity of serotonin and dopamine in brain did not produce changes of passive avoidance reaction comparing with intact control. The results obtained showed that high selective drugs and analysis of latent inhibition of some parameters enable creation of pharmacological models and their use as instrument at experimental study of neurochemical mechanisms of attention.     

Structure and conformation of peptides involving prolyl residue. IV. L-Prolyl-L-leucine monohydrate

The dipeptide, L-prolyl-L-leucine monohydrate (C11H20N2O3.H2O, molecular weight, 246.3) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1), with cell constants: a = 6.492(2)A, b = 5.417(8)A, c = 20.491(5)A, beta = 96.59(2) degrees, Z = 2, Do = 1.15 g/cm3, and Dc = 1.142 g/cm3. The structure was solved by SHELX-86 and refined by full matrix least squares methods to a final R-factor of 0.081 for 660 unique reflections (I greater than 2 sigma (I)) measured on an Enraf Nonius CAD-4 diffractometer (CuK alpha, lambda = 1.5418 A, T = 293 K). The peptide linkage exists in the trans conformation. The pyrrolidine ring exists in the envelope conformation. The values of the sidechain torsion angles are: chi 1 = -59.3(13) degrees, chi 21 = -63.1(16) degrees and chi 22 = 174.8(15) degrees for leucine (C-terminal). The crystal structure is stabilised by a three-dimensional network of N-H ... O, O-H ... O, and C-H ... O hydrogen bonds.     

The indices of antipneumococcal immunity in children with chronic pneumonia

In 76 children with chronic pneumonia the levels of serum antibodies to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide antigens (serotypes 1, 3, 6B, 8, 9N, 15F, 23F), O-polysaccharide and pneumococcal protein somatic antigens were determined by ELISA techniques. The study showed that in sick children the content of antipneumococcal antibodies in the blood increased with age. No correlation between the content of total immunoglobulins and that of antipneumococcal antibodies in the blood of the patients was established, but a sharp decrease in the concentration of antibodies was registered in a child with hypoglobulinemia. No increase in the level of antibodies to pneumococcal antigens was observed in cases of the exacerbation of Pneumococcus-induced inflammatory process in the lungs.     

The quantitative analysis of lipopolysaccharide antigen in the blood serum of patients with salmonellosis by using complement-bound liposome lysis]

Titration of group B Salmonella O-antigen in the blood sera of patients and donors was carried out by means of the complement-dependent lysis of liposomes sensitized with S. typhimurium LPS. Good correlation (r = 0.95) of the levels of S. typhimurium somatic O-antigen in the patients' sera determined by liposomal immunoassay and aggregate hemagglutination test was established. The concentration of the antigens in the tested samples was within 0.5-50 micrograms/ml. Statistical analysis of the results obtained by liposomal immunoassay techniques demonstrated differences in the distribution functions for the blood sera of patients with different diseases and of donors.     

Determination of the amounts of the protein synthesis initiation and elongation factors in wheat germ

Previous work by Browning et al. (Browning, K. S., Lax, S. R., Humphreys, J., Ravel, J. M., Jobling, S. A., and Gehrke, L. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 9630-9634) indicated that wheat germ extracts do not contain sufficient amounts of some of the protein synthesis initiation factors to obtain optimal translation of all mRNAs. In this investigation, a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the amounts of eukaryotic initiation factors (eIF) 2, 3, 4A, 4F, and (iso)4F as well as the amounts of 40 S ribosomal subunits and elongation factors (EF) 1 alpha and 2 present in wheat germ extracts. EF-1 alpha is present in the highest amount (approximately 5% of the total protein), and eIF-4F is present in the lowest amount (approximately 0.03% of the total protein). The micromolar amounts of the factors and ribosomes are as follows: EF-1 alpha, 34; EF-2, 5.2; eIF-2, 1.5; eIF-3, 0.7; eIF-4A, 3.0, eIF-4F, 0.09; eIF-(iso)4F, 0.8; and 40 S ribosomal subunits, 3.2. The molar ratios of the factors to 40 S ribosomal subunits are approximately 11:1 for EF-1 alpha, 1.6:1 for EF-2, 0.45:1 for eIF-2, 0.2:1 for eIF-3, 0.9:1 for eIF-4A, 0.03:1 for eIF-4F, and 0.25:1 for eIF-(iso)4F. These findings strongly suggest that the concentrations of the initiation factors, particularly those factors required for the binding of mRNA to ribosomes, may play a major role in regulating the translation of mRNAs within the cell.     

Disulfiram administration affects substance P-like immunoreactive and monoaminergic neural systems in rodent brain.

The biosynthetic enzyme peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase catalyzes the formation of a variety of biologically active alpha-amidated peptides from respective COOH-terminal glycine-extended peptide precursors. Peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase activity is dependent on copper, ascorbate, and molecular oxygen and is inhibited by the relatively selective copper chelator N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate or its disulfide dimer disulfiram (Antabuse). In the present study, chronic disulfiram treatment (100 mg/kg/day, for 12-25 days) resulted in significant changes in several neurochemical parameters in the mouse central nervous system, including levels of substance P-like, unamidated substance P-Gly-like, and protease-generated substance P-Gly-Lys-like immunoreactivities (SP-LI, SP-G-LI, and SP-G-K-LI, respectively). Combined high performance liquid chromatography/radioimmunoassay analyses of the extracted SP-LI, SP-G-LI, and SP-G-K-LI species indicated very similar chromatographic and immunochemical behavior as demonstrated for chemically authentic peptide standards. Additionally, changes in levels of monoamines and their metabolites were observed after drug administration. Complementary immunohistochemical analyses using affinity-purified anti-SP-G sera localized these drug-induced changes in levels of immunoreactive unamidated precursor to neural elements that normally express SP. As a functional corollary to alterations in neurochemical parameters, we observed significant disulfiram-induced increases in pain thresholds, potentiated by capsaicin treatment. Overall, our results indicate that the observed changes in steady state levels of immunoreactive SP and of the immature COOH-terminal extended forms of SP may reflect compensatory biosynthetic and posttranslational processing events in SP-containing neural systems after pharmacological challenge.